Muscle Shoals, RCA, Sun: The Revival of 3 Legendary Studios Pickett and Wexler were bowled over and sold on the sound they had going on. Did the Beatles go to Muscle Shoals . Keith Richards explained that it was match made in heaven: The sound was in my head before I even got there. These markers are about the Beatles, whether before, during or after the band's tenure. In honor of Wilson's career, here's a look back at a recording Pickett made in 1968 of a classic song originally issued by The Beatles. Atlantic Records sent artists like Aretha Franklin and Percy Sledge to studios in Muscle Shoals and Sheffield in Alabama. Norbert Putnam, poses at his Nashville area home with a poster from The Beatles first ever U.S. concert. Muscle Shoals is a documentary that can be viewed on Netflix. And so both of them [Allman and Picket] stayed back., It was while the others were out to lunch that Allman suggested to Pickett that he cut a cover of Hey Jude. Both Pickett and Hall thought Allman was crazy to want to cover The Beatles, but the finished record would be one of the greatest covers of any Beatles song, as well as one of Wilson Pickets most powerful recordings (not to mention a huge hit). visit Fame Studios backstage tour before heading to Memphis. Muscle Shoals became the 70 Funk Factory, while at the same time attracting the biggest names in pop and rock, from Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel to Rod Stewart to Elton John. . According to The Muscle Shoals Sound Studio website, from 1969 to 1978 alone, The Swampers played on more than 200 albums and had hundreds of hit songs with artists including Bob Dylan, Bob Seger, the Staples Sisters, Willie Nelson, and Cat Stevens, just to name a few. By Matt Wake, Recorded at: Muscle Shoals Sound StudiosReleased: 1973 Songwriter:Paul Simon Producer: Paul Simon, Phil Ramone, Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, Recorded at: Fame Studios Released: 1967 Songwriter: Arthur Conley, Otis Redding (based on Sam Cooke's "Yeah Man")Producer: Otis Redding, 18. Box 2527 Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 (256) 381-0801 (256) 381-6337 fax The band took advantage of being in blues territory to cut Fred McDowells You Gotta Move, before tackling their own Wild Horses. Richards testified to how effortlessly well the sessions went: I thought it was one of the easiest and rockin-est sessions that wed ever done. When my brother was there gigging a couple of years ago he was inspired by the river that sings and wrote this song called Set Me Down by the Singing River. "Fuego" album Phish Parts of the LP, including the song "555," were recorded at Fame Studios. The Beatles Instagram profile. "Quickness" album Bad Brains Parts of the LP were mixed at Muscle Shoals Sound. Beatles | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company Did the Beatles go to Muscle Shoals? [9] In 2005, Couch decided to close the Malaco studio on Alabama Avenue because he was having difficulty competing with more technologically advanced studios. Motown and its affiliated labels produced more hit records than the Beatles, Stones, Elvis, and the Beach Boys combined! Overall, the bands time in Muscle Shoals resulted in some of the most iconic songs in music history. [10], After the closure of the 1000 Alabama Avenue location, the building was taken over by a movie production company. For many who were not hardcore George Michael fans, the fact "Careless Whisper" was first cut in Muscle Shoals was a bit of a surprise. When Aretha Franklin arrived in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, in 1967, she was one of the greatest singers in the world but hardly anybody knew it. [citation needed]. THE BEATLES (WHITE ALBUM) (1987 VERSION) BEATLES. Rolling Stone magazine placed the album at number-2 on its list of the Best Albums of 2010 and "Everlasting Light" at number 11 on its list of the Best Singles of 2010. Come on Pickett, lets go make some f__king hit records. I didnt know Rick Hall was white.. Hey Jude is the ninth studio album by soul singer Wilson Pickett, recorded at FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama and released in 1969. Im 60 years old and never knew how much of a strong impact I would learn today!This day!Feb 1 2020 leap 2025 grade 6 ela practice test. Lynyrd Skynyrd: a guide to their best albums | Louder - loudersound The album's cover photo revealed the band and studio faade, a trendsetting . Anthology 1. According to David Hood's wife, Judy Hood, who is the chairperson of the Muscle Shoals Music Foundation, Iovine and Dr. Dre saw the "Muscle Shoals" documentary and called that very night to say they were so "captivated by the story." 2023 Advance Local Media LLC. Skynyrd's First: The Complete Muscle Shoals Album: Lynyrd Skynyrd: 1971-1972 (Released 1978) "Gotta Serve Somebody" Bob Dylan: 1979 No. It was up to us to come up with the part. [11] In 2007, this location housed Cypress Moon Productions and the Cypress Moon Studio with functioning recording equipment, which was operating as a recording studio and was open for tours. Those sessions produced Franklin'sfirst top 10 pop hit, the soulful "(I Never Loved A Man) The Way That I Love You," according to Song Facts. The world's first circular office structure was . I mean, we cut three or four tracks in two days, and that for the Stones is going some. Brown Sugar rounded off their stay at Jackson Highway, and Richards says that had it not been for legal issues preventing him from re-entering the country, they would have recorded Exile On Main St there as well. The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section - AllMusic 'Muscle Shoals': Land of 1,000 Hit Records - WSJ After less than a year, however, Hall had fallen out with his partners, and he was let go. It's just a little village on the Alabama border. In 1979, the studio moved to larger premises at 1000 Alabama Avenue, where it remained until it was sold, along with the Muscle Shoals Sound publishing rights, to their friend, Tommy Crouch of Malaco Records in 1985. Muscle Shoals Sound Studio - Wikipedia Exploring The Legacy Of Ringo Starr: Why He Left The Beatles And How They Moved On. Cookie Settings/Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Halls second house band would, however, prove to be worth their weight in gold. Beatles in hamburg 1960 to 1962 5 trips grueling The Beatles Live at the BBC is released containing the FAME Publishing tune, "A Shot of Rhythm and Blues". (The song was credited to Michael's duo Wham in some markets.) "Dirty South" album Drive-By Truckers Recorded at Fame Studios. Hey Jude (Wilson Pickett album) - Wikipedia "We will be forever indebted to Beats Electronics because they made it possible for The Swampers to come home again,"Judy Hood said. What are you crazy?' James was struck by Halls feel for the music: Rick Hall was actually the first white man that I had seen that had that kind of soul, that was an engineer and was soulful, you know?. On January 30, 1969, the Beatles final performance took place on the roof of Apple Corps headquarters in London, England, forever changing the face of music. With Stephen Badger, Rick Hall, Aretha Franklin, Jerry Carrigan. . The album they created remains one of the greatest in soul music history. A Look Behind The Scenes: Exploring The Beatles' Legendary Recording As the bass player in the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, his band played backup for the . When the Rolling Stones Went to Muscle Shoals Band of Horses's third CD, Infinite Arms, recorded in part at that studio, was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Alternative Album. Ill only give you $10,000. I said, Write me the check. I still laugh about it with Phil. There are two of the most indelible moments in music history: The rooftop concert at the iconic rooftop concert at The Roosevelt Hotel and the concert at Shea Stadium. Beckett headed to Nashville to work as a producer, while the remaining three members of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section continued to record at their old studio, as well as proving to be among the countrys most in-demand session players. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. FAME Records In 1969, in partnership with Mr. Wexler, they founded the rival Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield, Ala., and went on to record with the Staple Singers, Paul Simon, Bob Seger, Traffic, Bob . The Untold Truth Of The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section - Grunge.com June/July 2016. illustration: Tim Bower. But just as the magic was working, so did tempers flare. It took the best part of year for things to take off, but in early December 1969, The Rolling Stones booked into the studio to kick off what would become their Sticky Fingers album. address.) Review: In "Muscle Shoals," they've got the Swampers - ARTS ATL On March 10th, the band performed at Birminghams Hippodrome again. titled 3614 Jackson Highway in 1969. By December 1969, the Rolling Stones were recording at this new location for three days. Rick Hall grew up in a house with a dirt floor in the nearby Freedom Hills. Their initial successes in soul and R&B led to more mainstream rock and pop performers who began coming to record at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, including the Rolling Stones, Duane Allman, Traffic, Bob Seger, Elton John, Boz Scaggs, Willie Nelson, Paul Simon, Bob Dylan, Dr. Hook, Elkie Brooks, Millie Jackson, Julian Lennon, and Glenn Frey. He took to the style instantly (Hall later remarked that hed never heard anybody play slide guitar like Duane). The museum celebrates the rich musical heritage of the Muscle Shoals area and features a variety of exhibits and artifacts that tell the story of the areas musical history. The Rolling Stones had it, the Beatles had it and Muscle Shoals had it." Next came Aretha Franklin in 1967, who recorded "I Never Loved a Man" and "Do Right Woman, Do Right Man" at FAME. For their first success, the Rolling Stones recorded You Gotta Move, Brown Sugar, and Wild Horses at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Alabama in 1969, laying the groundwork for their future success. Producer and music industry legend Rick Hall first brought musicians to the town with his FAME Recording Studio. Old Time Rock And Roll by Bob Seger - Songfacts [13] The album was nominated for a 2011 Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. Great work! Despite the fact that Sam Cooke did not record "A Change Is Gonna Come" at Muscle Shoals, the song was made there. Michael had come to Muscle Shoals back then to cut the original version of his ballad "Careless Whisper" with esteemed producer Jerry Wexler. In 1987 Rick Hall signs a band playing at a local club down the street from FAME. Drummer Roger Hawkins told Modern Drummer Wexler then asked The Swampers to go to New York to record with Franklin, and they were all in. Among the more recent artists to record in Muscle Shoals are Drive-By . "I met Jimmy when I was in junior high school, and we were acquaintances Jimmy has been such a part of my life from the very beginning of my music career. The energy created by the small town of Muscle Shoals for decades is demonstrated in this example. That was the rule back then: producers wanted us to come up with some parts," he said. www.famestudios.com. After rhythm guitarist Jimmy Johnson died in 2019 at 76 years old, bassist David Hood spoke with reporter Mike Wake for the websiteAlabama. Steve Winwood said in the documentary, "What is it about Muscle Shoals? But did you know that The Beatles actually did record at the famed Muscle Shoals recording studio in Alabama? Today, the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio and the FAME Studio both continue to operate as working studios, as well as being popular tourist attractions, offering daily tours of the restored facilities. did the beatles record at muscle shoals. Five Essential Muscle Shoals Albums - Garden & Gun . Muscle Shoals the city is across is across the Tennessee River, but the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio is not in Muscle Shoals, but next door in Sheffield. Answer (1 of 2): One that springs to mind is K.T. Required fields are marked *. visit the sound studio, the music hall of fame, and record together our own record. King, and Elton John, who recorded there with the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. The Beatles Twitter profile. I have had a feeling of something inside of me for all these years, didnt know what it was and now I get it,-it all makes sense and I feel itThanks to all of you for the Sound the Life and Groove, The Swampers Breathe! As the blind singer Clarence Carter commented, Helen Keller was from Muscle Shoals and it was always amazing to me the things she was able to accomplish being blind and deaf. Famously, the first word that Keller learned was water the well where she learned the word is a famous landmark. The Muscle ShoalsRhythm Section, also known as The Swampers, consisted of four men you've definitely heard but likely never heard of. Muscle Shoals Meets the Beatles concert set for Saturday 15. "Phases and Stages" album Willie Nelson Recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound. The Beatles Historical Markers That dedication even earned The Swampers a shout-out inLynyrd Skynyrd's song "Sweet Home Alabama" with the lyrics, "Now Muscle Shoals has got The Swampers/And they've been known to pick a song or two (yes they do)/Lord they get me off so much/They pick me up when I'm feelin' blue/Now how about you?". The list of albums recorded at Muscle Shoals is a testament to the studios versatility, providing a unique sound to a wide range of music. Men and birds alike fish in the river, as the sun beats down on the swampland where alligators wait. Photograph: Getty Images The Rolling Stones, Aretha Franklin, Duane Allman, George Michael, Wilson Pickett, Willie Nelson, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Joe Cocker, Levon Helm, Paul Simon, Bob Seger, and others have all recorded albums at the studio over the years. Cobb met singer-songwriter Anderson East at Nashville's legendary Bluebird Caf. Bassist and former owner David Hood reflects on five essential albums that came out of the Muscle Shoals Sound Studios. [23], The building closed when major restoration work began in September 2015, and reopened as a finished tourist attraction operated by the Muscle Shoals Music Foundation on January 9, 2017. by Bruce Eder. the Beatles, formerly called the Quarrymen or the Silver Beatles, byname Fab Four, British musical quartet and a global cynosure for the hopes and dreams of a generation that came of age in the 1960s. I looked out the plane window, and theres these people picking cotton. 1966 ), and The White Album (the Beatles, 1968 ). When The Beatles were photographed in August 1969, striding over a zebra crossing in St. John's Wood, London, for the cover shot of their album Abbey Road they were celebrating a building that . She never saw her son again. Dick Cooper,former curator for the Alabama Music Hall of Fame, who was also once an assistant to Swampers keyboardist Barry Beckett, told the Alabama Newscenter,"There really is nothing else like it, anywhere. - The formula usually . Caught up in Nashville's swirling real estate boom, Studio A - part of RCA Records' Nashville headquarters built in 1965 by label heads Chet Atkins and Owen Bradley - was slated for demolition in 2013 . Add Review. The Beatles, "Rubber Soul." . Having fallen out with Jim Stewart at Wexlers southern recording spot of choice, Stax Records, he turned to Hall to cut his records in the south. (AP) With her career in question, a 25-year-old Aretha Franklin came to FAME Recording Studios in Muscle Shoals in January 1967, and in a tumultuous, abbreviated recording session recorded the hit that would propel her on a decades long career as a soul music icon. From: 'Hey Jude' (1969) The R&B giant's soulful take on the Beatles ' classic, like so many other cuts on our list of the Top 10 Duane Allman Studio Sessions, comes from Allman's time as a session . Original studio at 3614 Jackson Highway, Sheffield, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, Skynyrd's First: The Complete Muscle Shoals Album, When You're In Love With A Beautiful Woman, "Alabama Music Hall of Fame: Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section", "Tales From the Top: The Rolling Stones' Sticky Fingers", "ARETHA TO THE BLACK KEYS: THE MUSCLE SHOALS STORY", "Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section - 1995 Induction (Lifework Award) 2008", "Historic Muscle Shoals Sound Studios Closes", "Mark Neill on the Making of the Black Keys' 'Brothers', "Foundation purchases original Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, which recorded Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan and more", "Foundation purchases 3614 Jackson Highway", "Muscle Shoals Sound Studio - Also known as: 3614 Jackson Highway", "Alabama's top tourist attraction 2017: Muscle Shoals Sound Studio", "Foundation Purchases Original Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, Which Recorded Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan and More", "Historic recording console arrives at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio", "Muscle Shoals Sound Studio restoration on track", "Beats to renovate iconic Muscle Shoals Sound Studios", "Fabled Muscle Shoals Sound Studio named top Alabama tourist attraction of 2017", "Recording, tours resume at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio", "Muscle Shoals has (still) got The Swampers: What music legends' lives are like now", "Solo version of 'Careless Whisper' recorded in the Shoals", Jimmy Johnson and David Hood on re-acquisition of 3614 Jackson Highway, Jimmy Johnson Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2015), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muscle_Shoals_Sound_Studio&oldid=1125575905, features Duane Allman playing guitar on several cuts, ranked number two on the Amusement & Music Operators Association's survey of the Top 40 Jukebox Singles of All Time in 1996, Not the hit version, this was released as a b-side on a UK special 12" and on the Japanese 12", Three of the album's songs reached the top twenty of the, This page was last edited on 4 December 2022, at 19:13. "Valotte" Julian Lennon Recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound. By geography alone, the city of Muscle Shoals, Alabama is small (population 13,000) compared to New York, Los Angeles, Detroit or Nashville.Musically, however, it has a rich history that rivals . That morning, we knew that a star had been born. Keyboardist Spooner Oldham, whose keyboard introduction set the scene for the song, backs this up: Of the hundreds of sessions I have participated in, I can honestly say those first few sessions with Aretha Franklin were simply and magically unforgettable.. 'Respect' fact check: What did Aretha Franklin biopic get wrong? "Mourning In The Morning" album Otis Rush featuring Duane Allman on guitar Recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound. [7], Ten tracks of Black Keys's sixth album, Brothers, were also recorded at 3614 Jackson Highway. (And not MSSS' original and more famous 3614 Jefferson Hwy. Music - Muscle Shoals Area, Alabama - Colbert County Tourism "He produced 'Wild Horses' and 'Brown Sugar' because [The Rolling Stones]didn't have a producer [with them during their 1969 Muscle Shoals Sound sessions]. [2] They had left nearby FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals to create their own recording facility. Keys has won numerous Grammy awards, and her 2001 debut album, "Songs in A Minor," sold 10 million copies. [22] It is about Muscle Shoals sound, and features Rick Hall, FAME Studios, and the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (Swampers) who had founded the Muscle Shoals Sound Studios. What songs did Aretha record in Muscle Shoals? Beatles | Members, Songs, Albums, & Facts - Encyclopedia Britannica Care for what you care hickory creek wilderness camping; how to wash peter alexander pyjamas Menu Toggle. Discover. The first song they recorded at FAME together was I Never Loved A Man (The Way I Love You), and it would become Franklins first hit record. Aretha Franklin attended FAME on only one occasion. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club . Hear live music at BB kings on Beale Street. Wexler produced Cher 's 3614 Jackson Highway LP on ATCO (1969) at MSS. December 8, 1980, New York, New York . "I . A copy of the limited edition U.S. half speed mastered pressing of Still Crazy After All These Years by Paul Simon, issued as part of Columbia's Mastersound series. What was the first record you remember listening to? The album cover features a photo of the building, with the title of the album . Explore All; Trending Releases; List Explorer . did the beatles record at muscle shoals - msfin.in Producer: Bob Seger, Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. The Rolling Stones began their ascent to rock and roll success with the release of Sticky Fingers in 1971, cementing their status as a rock and roll powerhouse. But there was nothing as bad as going out with a long-haired hippy with us white boys. Also see . Reportedly in declining health in recent months, Hall was 85. https://soundcloud.com/tony-james-shevlin/set-me-down-by-the-singing-river He was used to working with the countrys finest session players, who would sight-read from charts, knocking out hits in a highly professional manner. Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your Privacy Choices and Rights (each updated 1/26/2023). "Shootout At The Fantasy Factory" album Traffic Featured Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (aka The Swampers) musicians David Hood (bass) and Roger Hawkins (drums). Newly signed to Atlantic Records, producer Jerry Wexler set her up with a session at FAME. 2023 Advance Local Media LLC. BROOKLYN Artist, musician and performance artist Roger Anthony (Tony) Mapes, aka Rev. Yolanda, was born in 1956 in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. It benefits The Healing Place in Muscle Shoals and Room "I felt like my best friends had betrayed me, that the people I taught everything I knew about the music business had forsaken me. Hall called Jerry Wexler at Atlantic Records in New York and struck a deal (taking a share of the royalties as a finders fee). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Muscle Shoals Sound Studio. But they were unable to secure a label for the record, and it would be the source of great regret for the studio that they had to let the band go, shortly before they become huge. Hall struck up a songwriting partnership with another local musician named Billy Sherrill when the pair played together in a band, and they began selling their songs to the likes of Brenda Lee and Roy Orbison. Here the musicians were local guys who looked like they worked in a warehouse or supermarket. "When a Man Loves a Woman" Percy Sledge, Recorded at: Norala Studios Released: 1966 Songwriter: Calvin Lewis, Andrew Wright Producer:Marlin Greene, Quin Ivy, Recorded at: Muscle Shoals Sound Studios Released: 1971 Songwriter: Mick Jagger, Keith Richards Producer:Jimmy Miller, Here are 20 more Muscle Shoals essentials, "How Can I Put Out The Flame (When You Keep the Fire Burning)" Candi Staton, "The First Cut Is the Deepest" Rod Stewart, "You Left the Water Running" Otis Redding, "I Can't Let You Break My Heart" Bettye Swann. Picking the 20 best songs ever recorded in the Muscle Shoals area, at now-iconic studios such as Fame and Muscle Shoals Sound, is a daunting task. On February 15th, 1963, the Beatles performed at the Ritz Ballroom in Alabama, making them the most famous act in the state that year. And then, of course, when it actually lives up to it and beyond, then youre in rocknroll heaven, man.. Released: 1978. "We all respected Jimmy so much, not just for his guitar playing but also for his production ideas," Hood said. You couldn't sway him. Muscle Shoals Has Got The Swampers - Abbeville Institute The catalogue came up for sale in 1984, and there were various bids . In 2013, a documentary about the impact of the Muscle Shoals sound and its players highlighted the richness of the music made in this Podunk part of the country for decades, music that could be considered the soundtrack of American life in the 1960s and 1970s. Record producer who established the soul-drenched 'Muscle Shoals sound' Rick Hall, right, in the studio with Etta James at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, 1967. The core UK albums released during The Beatles' time together, 1963-1970: Please Please Me (1963) With The Beatles (1963) A Hard Day's Night (1964) Beatles For Sale (1964) Help! The performance, which took place on September 11th, was the only show they performed in the state of Alabama. "The Allnighter" LPGlenn FreyRecorded at Muscle Shoals Sound (1000 Alabama Ave. location). They played with Arthur Alexander on his hit single You Better Move On, which was originally composed for Muscle Shoals. Pickett went to Muscle Shoals, Alabama at the end of . Old Time Rock & Roll by Kid Rock with the Muscle Shoals - YouTube Muscle Shoals was the setting for the recording of Janis Joplin by Stax Records. The Beatles' albums - complete A-Z list! | The Beatles Bible [8], The studio at 3614 Jackson Highway closed in April 1979, relocating to a larger updated facility in Sheffield located at 1000 Alabama Avenue. "Storm Windows" album John Prine Recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound. And the sessions would introduce the talents of a young guitar player called Duane Allman. History of Rock and Roll Final Flashcards | Quizlet In 1924, Wilson Dam was completed, destroying the hazardous shoals that gave the new town and its neighborhood its name. And theyve been known to pick a song or two (yes they do) Jerry Wexlers Atlantic guaranteed them work for 18 months, but when he decided he wanted to move his soul music operation to Miami, and the Muscle Shoals players werent prepared to follow, that was the end of their relationship with Wexler. 24 1980 Grammy winner Pleasure and Pain: Dr. Hook: 1978 No. The Muscle Shoals Swampers and Friends back up Kid Rock on the Bob Seger hit, "Old Time Rock & Roll." --- SUPPORT THE MUSEUM ---Museum Website: https://www.. But as good as it was for Hood, Hawkins, Beckett, and Johnson to become entrepreneurs, the move hurt Hall. At the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, they picked up Lynyrd Skynyrd, whose epic Freebird would become known as a modern-day Southern Rock anthem. (1965) Rubber Soul (1965) Revolver (1966) Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967) According to Hall, the problem sprung from him being too much of a workaholic, when his partners wanted to have fun: I was so very aggressive and fired up, he told Peter Guralnick, author of the definitive account of soul music in the south: Sweet Soul Music. Keys and the band recorded "Pressing On" from Dylan's "Saved" album , which was recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios in 1980. After injuring his elbow in a horse-riding accident, Allman had turned to bottle-neck guitar playing in his reduced mobility.
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